Substitutions

INGREDIENTQTYSUBSTITUTION
Allspice1 tsp.1/2 tsp. cinnamon + 1/2 tsp. ground cloves
Apple Pie Spice1 tsp.1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. nutmeg, 1/8 tsp. cardamom
Arrowroot1 1/2 tsp.1 Tbls. flour
1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch
Baking Powder1 tsp.1/3 tsp. baking soda + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar
Bay Leaf1 whole1/4 tsp. crushed
Bread1 slice dry1/3 cup dry bread crumbs
1 slice soft3/4 cup soft bread crumbs
Broth, Beef or Chicken1 cup1 bullion cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
1 envelope powdered broth base dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
1 1/2 tsp. powdered broth base dissolved in boiling water
Butter1 cup7/8 cup lard + 1/2 tsp. salt
Buttermilk1 cup1 cup plain yogurt
1 cup milk + 1 Tbls. white vinegar or lemon juice
1 cup milk + 1 3/4 tsp. cream of tartar
Chives, chopped2 tsp.2 tsp. green onion tops, finely chopped
Chocolate Chips1 oz.1 oz. sweet cooking chocolate
Chocolate, unsweetened1 oz. or square3 Tbls. cocoa + 1 Tbls. fat
Cocoa1/4 cup1 oz. square unsweetened chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by 1/2 Tbls.)
Coconut Cream1 cup1 cup whipping cream
Coconut Milk1 cup1 cup whole milk
Corn1 doz. ears2 1/2 cup cooked corn
Cornmeal, self-rising1 cup7/8 cup plain, 1 1/2 Tbls. baking powder, and 1/2 tsp. salt
Corn Syrup1 cup1 1/4 cup light brown sugar + 1/3 cup water
7/8 cup honey (baked goods will brown more)
Corn Syrup, Dark1 cup3/4 cup light corn syrup + 1/4 cup light molasses
Cornstarch (thickening)1 Tbls.2 Tbls. all-purpose flour
2 Tbls. granular tapioca
Cracker Crumbs3/4 cup1 cup dry bread crumbs
Cream, Heavy1 cup3/4 cup milk + 1/3 cup butter or margarine (if used for baking)
1 cup evaporated milk, undiluted
Cream, Light1 cup3/4 cup milk + 3 Tbls. butter or margarine (if used for baking)
1 cup evaporated milk, undiluted
Cream, WhippedChill a 13 oz. can of evaporated milk until ice crystals form. Add 1 tsp. lemon juice. Whip until stiff.
Dates1 lb.2 1/2 cup pitted
Dill Plant, Fresh or Dried3 heads1 Tbls. dill weed
Egg, whole, uncooked1 large, 3 Tbls.3 Tbls. + 1 tsp. thawed frozen egg
2 1/2 Tbls. sifted, dry whole egg powder + 2 1/2 Tbls. lukewarm water
2 yolks + 1 Tbls. water (for cookies)
2 yolks (in custards, cream fillings, and similar mixtures)
Eggs, uncooked1 cup5 large eggs
6 medium eggs
Egg White1 large, 2 Tbls.2 tsp. thawed frozen egg whites
2 Tbls. sifted, dry egg white powder + 2 Tbls. warm water
1 cup8 large egg whites
Egg Yolk1 yolk, 1 1/2 Tbls.3 1/2 Tbls. thawed frozen egg yolk
2 Tbls. sifted, dried egg yolk
1 cup12 large egg yolks
Flour, All-Purpose (for thickening)1 Tbls.1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch
1 Tbls. granular tapioca
1 Tbls. waxy rice flour
2 Tbls. browned flour
1 1/2 Tbls. whole wheat flour
1 Tbls. quick-cooking tapioca
Flour, All-Purpose1 cup, sifted1 cup + 2 Tbls. cake flour
1 cup rolled oats, crushed
1/2 cup cornmeal, bran, or rice flour + 1/2 cup all-purpose flour
1 cup rye or rice flour
1/4 cup soybean flour + 3/4 cup all-purpose flour
1 lb.4 cups sifted
3 1/3 cups un-sifted
Flour, Cake1 cup sifted1 cup minus 2 tsp. all-purpose flour, sifted
Flour, Self-Rising1 cup1 cup minus 2 tsp. all-purpose flour, 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder, and 1/2 tsp. salt
Fruit, Fresh, Cut Up1 1/2 cups16 oz. can, drained
Garlic1 clove1 tsp. chopped garlic
1/2 tsp. minced garlic
1/8 tsp. garlic powder
1/2 tsp. garlic flakes
1/4 tsp. granulated garlic
1/2 tsp. garlic juice
Garlic Salt1 tsp.1/8 tsp. garlic powder + 7/8 tsp. salt
Gelatin, Flavored3 oz.1 Tbls. plain gelatin + 2 cup fruit juice
Ginger1/8 tsp.1 tsp. candied ginger, rinsed in water to remove sugar, then finely cut
1 Tbls. raw ginger
Herbs, fresh1 Tbls. chopped1/2 tsp. dried crushed herb
Honey1 cup1 1/4 cup sugar + 1/4 cup water
Horseradish1 Tbls.2 Tbls. bottled fresh
Ketchup1 cup1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, and 2 Tbls. vinegar
Lemon Juice1 tsp.1/2 tsp. white vinegar
Lemon Peel, dried1 tsp.1 to 2 tsp. fresh grated
1/2 tsp. lemon extract
Lime1 med.1 1/2 – 2 Tbls. juice
Maple Sugar (grated and packed)1/2 cup1 cup maple syrup
1 Tbls. granulated sugar
Marshmallows, mini1 cup8-10 regular
Mayonnaise (for salad dressings)1 cup1/2 cup plain yogurt + 1/2 cup mayonnaise
1 cup sour cream
1 cup cottage cheese, pureed
Milk, skim1 cup4 – 5 Tbls. non-fat dry milk powder + enough water to make 1 cup
1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water
Milk, Sweetened, Condensed1 canHeat the following until butter melts and sugar is disolved: 1/3 cup + 2 Tbls. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 Tbls. butter
Add 1 cup + 2 Tbls. dry milk to 1/2 cup warm water. Add 3/4 cup sugar and 3 Tbls. melted butter. Stir until smooth.
Milk, Whole1 cup1 cup reconstituted non-fat dried milk + 2 Tbls. melted butter
1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water
4 Tbls whole dry milk + 1 cup water (for use in baking)
Mushrooms, Fresh1 Lb.2 – 3 cups whole
5 cups sliced
(1) 10 oz. can
Mushrooms, Canned4 oz.2 cups sliced fresh
6 Tbls. whole dried mushrooms
Mustard, Dry1 tsp.1 Tbls. prepared mustard
Onion, Fresh1 smallrehydrate 1 Tbls. instant minced onion
Onion Powder1 Tbls.1 medium onion, chopped
4 Tbls. fresh chopped onion
Onions1 Lb.3 large onions
2 – 2 1/2 cup chopped
Orange Peel, Dried1 Tbls.2 – 3 Tbls. grated fresh orange peel
grated peel of 1 med. orange
2 tsp.1 tsp. orange extract
Parsley, Dried1 tsp.3 tsp. fresh parsley, chopped
Peppers, green bell1 Tbls. dried3 Tbls. fresh green pepper, chopped
Peppers, red bell1 Tbls. dried3 Tbls. fresh red pepper, chopped
2 Tbls. chopped pimento
Peppermint, dried1 Tbls.1/4 cup chopped fresh mint
Pimento2 Tbls.1 Tbls. dried red bell pepper, rehydrated
3 Tbls. fresh red bell pepper, chopped
Pumpkin Pie Spice1 tsp.1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. allspice, 1/8 tsp. nutmeg
Shortening, Melted1 cup1 cup cooking oil
Shortening, Solid1 cup1 cup minus 2 Tbls. lard
1 1/8 cup butter (decrease salt in recipe by 1/2 tsp.)
Sour Cream1 cup3/4 cup buttermilk + 1/3 cup butter or margarine
1 cup plain yogurt
3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice, and 1/3 cup butter or margarine
Spearmint, Dried1 Tbls.1/4 cup fresh chopped mint
Sugar, Brown1 cup packed1 cup granular sugar
1 Lb.2 1/2 cups firmly packed
Sugar, powdered1 Lb.2 3/4 cups
Sugar, granulated1 Lb.2 1/4 cups
1 tsp.1/8 tsp. non-calorific sweetener solution
1 cup1 1/2 cup corn syrup (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup)
1 1/3 cup molasses (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/3 cup)
1 cup powdered sugar
1 cup brown sugar, firmly packed
3/4 cup honey (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup; for each cup of honey used, add 1/2 tsp. baking soda)
Tapioca, granular1 Tbls.2 Tbls. pearl tapioca
Tomato Juice1 cup1/2 cup tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water
Worcestershire Sauce1 tsp.1 tsp. bottled steak sauce
Yogurt, Plain1 cup1 cup buttermilk
1 cup cottage cheese, pureed
1 cup sour cream

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